Iron

Is one of the elements of the periodic table, specifically in the eighth and fourth cycles, and is classically classified as "Fe". It is coming from the Latin forum. As I mentioned before, it exists in huge amounts in the earth. It is one of the oldest materials used by man. Even the most used day, it has the ability of magnet to attract.

Sources of iron:

Iron is the fourth most abundant element after oxygen, silicon and aluminum, which is the most abundant element in the whole earth. It is also relatively abundant in the sun and other stars. Iron is mixed with 2-3% nickel in basalt rocks in Greenland and carbon deposits in the United States, It is formed in the form of niziki iron by 5-7% of nickel, and it is formed in the ground deposits, and in meteorites, and is extracted by melting carbon and limestone.

Usage of iron:

Iron is used in many things, including the following:

• Used in solid manufacturing, civil engineering, architecture, reinforced concrete, surgical instruments, and jewelry.
• Iron is the essential element of all life forms. It is a non-toxic element. The natural human body contains about 4 grams of iron. The human needs 10-18 milligrams of iron every day. The lack of iron in the body causes anemia.
• Iron catalysts are used in the Haber process to produce ammonia, and in the Fischer-Tropsch process to convert hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide into liquid fuels.
• Used kitchen utensils, tableware and kitchen fixtures, such as stainless steel pans.

Ferrous metals:

Ferrous metals include cast iron, wrought iron, steel and stainless steel. The following are the main types, components and properties of ferrous metals:

• Cast iron:

  An alloy of iron, carbon, magnesium and phosphorus. Carbon content is from 1.7% to 4%. Its types vary according to the shape and distribution of carbon particles in cast iron alloy and are divided into four types:

  1. Iron Gray Blossom.
  2. Iron White Flower.
  3. Obedient Flower Iron.
  4. Flexible iron.
  
  

• Obedient iron:

  Obedient iron is a pure iron with a content of less than 0.15% carbon. The tensile strength of the obedient iron is from 3000-3400 kg / cm2 and the elongation ratio is 30-40%. Obedient iron uses are now replaced by obedient steel.

• Steel:

  An alloy of iron and carbon (between 0.50% to 1.50% carbon) with certain additives of silicon, manganese, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium and some other elements for the production of steel alloys for multidisciplinary purposes. Steel can be classified into three groups:

  1. A (soft) steel containing carbon (up to 0.25%) and has wide areas of use and spread, especially in the work of blacksmiths in different forms of sectors.
  2. Medium carbon steel with carbon content (up 0.50%).
  3. It is high carbon steel and contains carbon (up to 1.50%). It uses medium carbon and high carbon steels in distinct areas, especially in hard-working engineering such as construction work.
  4. Medium carbon steel can be processed with heating and purification to produce properties with a wider range when used.
  5. The use of alloy additions such as nickel, chromium, molybdenum, manganese, silicon, copper, tungsten, niobium and vanadium can produce a resistant steel for low and high temperature resistance and resistance to corrosion and abrasion forces.